The Juilliard Quartet, founded in 1946 by composer William Schuman (1910-1992) is a highly respected and justly lauded ensemble. This fine CD set includes two complete cycles of Arnold Schoenberg’s String Quartets. It also includes the composer’s too little known String Trio of 1945 and a ravishing string sextet version of Verklärte Nacht. This 7 CD set documents a bit of recording history as well, offering the original mono recordings of his numbered string quartets alongside the Grammy winning (Steven Epstein, producer) 1978 stereo recording (which also included an early unnumbered string quartet in D major).

I grew up expanding my musical horizons with that 1978 release, offered here for the first time on CD format. But the present box set was my first hearing of the 1951 mono recordings of the numbered quartets.

I would venture a guess that most listeners, even those drawn to the sorts of modernism that characterizes my blog reviews, probably own no more than one set of the Schoenberg String Quartets. They just don’t seem to get the same love that other modernists like Bartok, Ravel, Debussy, and maybe even Elliott Carter get from fans of new music. (All of these composers, by the way, have had their quartets recorded by the Julliard Quartet). But hearing two readings across just over a thirty year span by two different generations of this iconic ensemble does much to suggest that Arnold deserves at least another reckoning and perhaps an elevation of his reputation as a brilliant musical mind. It is also a fine testament to the enduring creative interpretive skills in the various generations who have been The Julliard String Quartet.

For that reason alone (the inclusion of those 1951 recordings), discerning listeners will want to own this wonderful set. The production is itself a work of homage and respect with some lovely nostalgia inducing reproductions of the original cover art. And the photographic image of a vinyl record that adorns several CD helps set that tone, one which virtually screams “COLLECTOR’S ITEM”.

The Juilliards have helped identify and characterize the whole of string quartet literature much as the Guarneri Quartet, the Arditti, Kronos, etc. have. Having a work performed and recorded by any of these (to name but a few performers) virtually assures the accepted work a place in the actively performed canon of concert works. It is a stamp of authenticity.

The Quartets span most of the creative span of the composer’s career. That early D Major Quartet (1897), First Quartet (1905), and the Second Quartet (1908) were written before his 12 tone method had been fully developed. We hear the 12 tone method in the Third and Fourth Quartets and the Trio.

That Second Quartet is apparently the first time a soprano had been used as an adjunct to the ensemble. Uta Graf sings in the 1951 recording and Benita Valente in the 1975 cycle. The text (curiously not included in the otherwise delightful and intelligent notes) are by poet Stefan George (1868-1933). I include them here in English for interested listeners:

Rapture
I feel air from another planet.
The faces that once turned to me in friendship
Pale in the darkness before me.

And trees and paths that I once loved fade away
So that I scarcely recognize them, and you bright
Beloved shadow—summoner of my anguish—

Are now extinguished completely in deeper flames
In order, after the frenzy of warring confusion,
To reappear in a pious display of awe.

I lose myself in tones, circling, weaving,
With unfathomable thanks and unnamable praise;
Bereft of desire, I surrender myself to the great breath.

A tempestuous wind overwhelms me
In the ecstasy of consecration where the fervent cries
Of women praying in the dust implore:

Then I see a filmy mist rising
In a sun-filled, open expanse
That includes only the farthest mountain retreats.

The land looks white and smooth like whey.
I climb over enormous ravines.
I feel like I am swimming above the furthest cloud

In a sea of crystal radiance—
I am only a spark of the holy fire
I am only a whisper of the holy voice.

Litany
Deep is the sadness that gloomily comes over me,
Again I step, Lord, in your house.

Long was the journey, my limbs are weary,
The shrines are empty, only anguish is full.

My thirsty tongue desires wine.
The battle was hard, my arm is stiff.

Grudge peace to my staggering steps,
for my hungry gums break your bread!

Weak is my breath, calling the dream,
my hands are hollow, my mouth fevers.

Lend your coolness, douse the fires,
rub out hope, send the light!

Still active flames are glowing inside my heart;
in my deepest insides a cry awakens.

Kill the longing, close the wound!
Take love away from me, and give me your happiness!

Schoenberg said he had been inspired by the poetry to compose these angular, expressionistic melodies. The poetry, like the music reflects tenor of the times.

In addition to the quartet cycles, this set is intelligently filled out by the inclusion of the string sextet version of the 1899 Verklärte Nacht. Here the Julliards (consisting of Robert Mann and Joel Smirnoff, violins; Samuel Rhodes, viola; Joel Krosnick, cello) are augmented by two exceptionally worthy soloists, Yo Yo Ma on cello and Walter Trampler on viola. It is followed on the disc with a powerful reading of the masterful String Trio from 1946. It is an illustration of the historical development of the composer over that 44 year period. I listened casually the first time but more carefully in subsequent hearings as the disc moved from the last track division of Verklärte Nacht to the first of the Trio finding this to be a lucid illustration of the composer’s seemingly natural development from post Wagnerian harmonies of fin de siecle Transfigured Night to those of the now fully developed 12 tone compositional method so beautifully integrated in the post war String Trio (played here by Robert Mann, Samuel Rhodes, and Joel Krosnick).

I used the term “post war” in my previous paragraph as a convenient segue to the last piece in this collection. The Trio is offered in a 1965-6 recording (stereo) played by Robert Mann, Rafael Hillyer, and Claus Adam. It is followed by the anti fascist “Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte” from 1942, a setting of a text by Lord Byron. Here the Julliards are joined by Glenn Gould on piano and speaker John Horton. It is one of Schoenberg’s politically tinged works. It has much in common with A Survivor from Warsaw (1947) and Schoenberg can only really be understood in the context of his turbulent times.

Perhaps there’s a parallel to our turbulent present. Maybe Schoenberg can be better understood if his listeners have experienced a certain amount of existential angst. We certainly have a lot of that. But, ultimately, this box set is a cause for joy and even optimism. It is a loving document of compositional, performance, and recording excellence.