For schoolchildren across the capital, Monday’s bombardment coincided with the first day of the school year, a day of celebration in Ukraine.

Teachers and parents tried to keep a sense of normality, with music playing while smiling students were welcomed by a sea of flowers.

One parent, who hid with her daughter at home during the missile attack before taking her to school, said they were showing once more “that this nation is invincible”.

“Children are smiling, but you can see the strain on the faces of their teachers [who] carry this burden”, she told the BBC.

“I’m so thankful to them for all they did to make it a real holiday for the kids.”

For 33-year-old Yevheniia, who was taking her six-year-old daughter to school for the first time, the day was marred by fear.

“Her hands were shaking,” Yevheniia told the Reuters news agency.

“Our apartment started to stink of smoke, but we still need to go to school, right? We are Ukrainians,” she said she told her daughter that morning.

Alina, a student at the damaged university, told Ukrainian TV she “started screaming” when the air raid alert sounded, with everyone running into their dormitory’s bomb shelter.

Air raid sirens rang out for nearly two hours during the attack, before the skies were deemed clear by the military.

“We were very scared,” Alina said, adding they saw a fire following the sound of explosions.